CRFS’s East & Southern Africa (ESAf) CoP comprises project teams in Kenya, Malawi, Tanzania, and Uganda. The region’s cropping systems are based on maize, sorghum, and root crops. System productivity is low due to climatic, biotic, and abiotic challenges, including weathered soils with low and declining fertility, erratic rainfall exacerbated by climate change, field and storage pest infestations, limited access to quality seed, poor dissemination of production technologies, and underdeveloped value chains and markets.
Rural people across the region face high levels of poverty and food and nutrition insecurity. Agriculture is the main employment sector, yet it receives little public investment. Many poor people inhabit relatively agriculturally favorable areas, but population pressure has created land degradation and division. Women and youth play key roles in agriculture but have limited access to resources. Diets are high in carbohydrates and often low in diversity and nutritional value.
Strategy
The CoP aims to improve the performance of smallholder farming by taking a systems approach, addressing several constraints and opportunities simultaneously. It supports crop improvement and diversification as well as development of management strategies that enhance crop access to scarce soil nutrients and water resources and reduce pest and disease losses. ESAf focuses on agroecological research that integrates agroecological principles into farm management. Examples of crop diversification strategies include improving farmer access to greater varietal diversity within the crops they already grow; introducing them to new crops that can offer multiple benefits such as improved nutrition, soil fertility enhancement, sources income; and strengthening breeding/value chains for diverse crops.
The region supports collaboration among farmers, development professionals and researchers through farmer research networks (FRNs) to develop and integrated technology options for diverse agroecological and socioeconomic contexts. FRNs facilitate active participation of farmers representing diverse groups across the research cycle; research that is rigorous and relevant to farmer needs; and networks that foster learning and sharing.
Lilongwe University of Agriculture and Natural Resources (LUANAR)
Partners:
DeTAS Ministry of Local Government through local development structures, including area development committees and village development committees; Ministry of Agriculture through Departments of Land Resources and of Agricultural Extension Services; Department of Agricultural Extension Services through Decentralized Agricultural Extension Service Structure; SCOPE Malawi; traditional authorities; group village and village headpersons; FRNs and FFSs; and National Agroecology Hub (Malawi)
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO)
Partners:
TAPE technical working group, whose members represent INTA/University of Gronigen, Cornell University, IRD, Friends of the Earth International, World Agroforestry, INRAE, CIMMYT, AVSF, La Vía Campesina, MAELA, and CIRAD; also Agroscope (Switzerland/Kenya), ARAA/ECOWAS (West Africa), ARFA (Burkina Faso), COLEAD (Benin), DCA (Cambodia, Nepal, Uganda), Diaconia (Brazil), DTEAP (Laos), Eclosio (Benin, Cambodia, Peru), ECOWAS (West Africa), Enabel (Benin), ENDA Pronat (Senegal), Haramaya University (Ethiopia), Iles de Paix (Tanzania), In Situ (Argentina), INTA (Argentina), IRPAD (Mali), Louvain Coopération (Cambodia, Madagascar), reNature (Kenya, Indonesia), RSDA (Lesotho), SPC (Pacific), Trócaire (Rwanda), ULB (Congo), UNAM (Mexico), Universidad Veracruzana (Mexico), VAAS (Vietnam); research methods support Stats4SD
OMSST, whose collaborators represent FAOSTAT, Koronivia joint work on agriculture, and Cornell University/Soil Factory
Agroecology Knowledge Hub (AKH) composed of IRPAD, Chulalongkorn University, Asian Institute of Technology, ASEAN Academic Network, SEARCA, FiBL, Coventry University, Agroecology Europe, SOCLA, Red PP-AL, CLACSO, Rede Sial (Brazil), IPES-Food, CIRAD, INRA, CGIAR, and TPP
Civil society organizations 3AO, Alliance for Food Sovereignty in Africa, Australian Food Sovereignty Alliance, Asian Peasant Coalition, Asiadhrra, CSA, China Digital Green, ELVC, Agency of Development Initiatives, MAELA, RIAM, RUPAP, IPC, CSM, IFOAM, PAN, and URGENCI
Private sector ROPPA, PROPAC, ESAFF, PELUM, COPROFAM, and Access Agriculture
Knowledge platforms Biovision Africa Trust, African Union, EOA Knowledge Hub Project, ALiSEA, LaoFAB, UNISECO, CELIA, WOCAT, and SIANI
NGOs or private foundations and donors Terre & Humanisme, Swissaid, Biovision, Groundswell International, PAN AP, SEI, Schola Campesina, Agroecology Europe, SDC, RADDO, Agroecology Fund, Global Alliance for the Future of Food, McKnight Foundation, OXFAM, GRET, ActionAid, World Rural Forum, SPC, and Agroecology Coalition
FAO working group through CoP on family farming and agroecology
National Forestry Resources Research Institute (NaFORRI)
Partners:
Bugobero SLM Association, Namuninge Watershed Association, Bunanganda-Bukhaweka Agroecological Farmers Association, Makerere University’s College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, district forest offices, district natural resources officer, ministry of water and environment office at each eastern Uganda district, Ministry of Agriculture animal industry and fisheries, primary schools in project area, and national forestry authority
National Forestry Resources Research Institute (NaFORRI)
Partners:
Bugobero, Namabya, and Namboko district local governments, Mbale Coalition Against Poverty (Mbale CAP), World Agroforestry (ICRAF), International Research Center, Sub-county local governments, Farmer groups, Local NGOs, Community-based research organizations, Extension workers
FRN–NGO operates in Kenya’s lake zone, one of the most densely settled parts of the country and a region where poverty, natural resource degradation, and food insecurity levels are high. Challenges include scarce land and water resources, declining soil productivity, high pest and disease incidences, changing climatic conditions, and limited access to resources for women, who are the main drivers of agricultural production. People are highly dependent on farming for their livelihoods, and rains are becoming less predictable and crop failures more frequent.
Productivity on smallholder farms in Malawi is generally very low. Yields of the main subsistence crop, maize, are substantially below what could be achieved with improved crop management. Soil fertility is declining, so the productive capacity of farms is being eroded. Low incomes mean that few farmers can afford to purchase inorganic fertilizer, and the number of them benefitting from government input subsidies has fallen drastically. Individual land holdings are small and, in many areas, only one crop can be grown per year. Erratic rainfall—floods and dry spells—also has an impact on crop production. As a result, a large number of people do not produce enough food to meet their needs. So, too, do they lack diversity in their diets, which adversely affects the health of farm families. The incidence of stunting in children under 5 years of age averages 46 percent.
Source: K. Fatsani, D. Kambewa, M. Maliro, W. Mbale, I. Mwangomba, A. Sefasi, F. Tchuwa—Lilongwe University of Agriculture and Natural Resources; F. Mwale, L. Yalaukani—Lilongwe University of Agriculture and Natural Resources Chitedze Agricultural Research Services, Ministry of Agriculture (MoA); L. Pungulani—Chitedze Agricultural Research Services, Ministry of Agriculture (MoA); P. Soko—Self Help Africa-Malawi; V. Morrone—Michigan State University, Department of Agricultural Extension Services (MoA)